Impi mayelana ne-Blocksize
Inethiwekhi Yombani (Lightning Network)
I-SegWit inikeze inketho kubasebenzisi ukuthi badale imisebenzi engakwazi ukuguqulwa izinkampani zangaphandle ezinonya (ukonakala kokwenziwe kwenkampani yangaphandle). Lokhu kwakubhekwa njengengxenye ebalulekile yento ebizwa ngokuthi inethiwekhi yombani, ubuchwepheshe bokulinganisa ungqimba ababili beBitcoin. Ngaphandle kwalokhu kulungiswa, umbani bekuyoba nzima kakhulu ukuwenza.
Inethiwekhi yombani yaqala ukushicilelwa ephepheni likaJoseph Poon noThaddeus Dryja ngoFebhuwari 2015. Ezinyangeni ezimbalwa kamuva, iphepha elifanayo elichaza lezi zixazululo zengqimba ezimbili lanyatheliswa nguChristian Decker.[1] Amaphepha achaza imishini ye-ngqimba-ezimbili inethiwekhi yokukhokha phezu kwe-Bitcoin. Imiqondo efanayo bekuxoxwe ngayo esikhaleni seBitcoin iminyaka. Ngempela, lo mbono ubonakala uvela ku-Satoshi.[2] Lightning empeleni usebenza ngokuhlanganisa izinkokhelo eziningi zibe yinani elincane lemisebenzi ye-Bitcoin. Ukuthengiselana kwe-Bitcoin kusetshenziselwa ukuvula iziteshi zokukhokha okuthi, uma sezimisiwe, zibe lula ukugeleza kwezinkokhelo eziningi. Amabhizinisi angaba namashaneli anabalingani abaningi abahlukahlukene, akhe inethiwekhi yamashaneli. Izinkokhelo zingathola indlela eduze kwamashaneli, asevele axhumene ngokuqondile, aze afinyelele kumamukeli wokugcina.
Kwabanye abavimbeli abancane, lesi sakhiwo songqimba-sesibili senza umqondo omkhulu ngomthamo ophezulu kanye nesistimu yezinkokhelo zomhlaba ezishibhile. Ku-ketangi, amasistimu okukhokha asekelwe ku-blockchain ngokuvamile asebenza kumodi "yokusakaza kuwo wonke umuntu", lapho umuntu enza inkokhelo, udinga ukusakaza okwenziwayo kubo bonke ababambiqhaza kunethiwekhi. Bonke abahlanganyeli kudingeka bacubungule lokhu kuthenga ukuze babone ukuthi kuyinkokhelo yini kubo. Lolu hlelo lubhekwa njengolungasebenzi kahle, ikakhulukazi ezinkokhelweni ezincane. Uma othile ethenga ikhofi e-France esebenzisa i-Bitcoin, kungani umthengisi othengisa amathikithi ekhonsathi e-Japan kufanele ahlole lokho kuthenga? Yilokho empeleni indlela izinkokhelo ze-Bitcoin ezisebenza ngayo futhi, kubavimbeli abancane, ukwakheka akuzange kube nomqondo wezinkokhelo ezincane; kwakudingeka kuphela njengesisekelo sohlelo lwezimali. Inethiwekhi yombani imele ukuthuthukiswa kokusebenza kahle futhi isebenzisa ukwakheka kwenethiwekhi yokukhokha okunengqondo. Esikhundleni sokusakaza okwenziwayo kuwo wonke umuntu, okwenziwayo kungathunyelwa ngokuqondile kumamukeli wenkokhelo, okwengeziwe kwesakhiwo sontanga kuya-kontanga. Uma omunye wabathintekayo ekuthengiseni engathembekile futhi ezama ukweba imali, khona-ke elinye iqembu lingasakaza ukuthengiselana ku-Bitcoin blockchain futhi libuyisele izimali. I-blockchain, kanye nobufakazi bomsebenzi be-Bitcoin, ngakho-ke isetshenziswa njengensizakalo yokuxazulula izingxabano. Uma zombili izinhlangothi zithembekile, ama-nuances, ukungasebenzi kanye nezithiyo zokukala zenqubo yobufakazi bomsebenzi kungagwenywa.
Ukukhathazeka okuyinhloko kwabavimbeli abakhulu kwakuwukuthi umbani ubonakale kubo ukuze usetshenziswe njengezaba noma isizathu sokungakhulisi umkhawulo we-blocksize. Kubo, lokhu kwakungafaneleki neze. Inkinga ye-blocksize ibiyinkinga manje, ngenkathi inethiwekhi yombani ibiyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, ingenabufakazi futhi, esimweni esihle kakhulu, kusasele iminyaka eminingi ukuthi isebenziseke. Kubavimbeli abakhulu, i-Bitcoin yayimayelana nokutholwa komthengisi futhi u-2015 ube yinkathi yempumelelo enkulu. Ngo-2015, i-Expedia, i-Overstock, i-TigerDirect, i-Newegg, i-Dell, i-Rakuten ne-Microsoft zonke zase ziqalile ukuvumela amakhasimende ukuthi akhokhe nge-Bitcoin ngendlela eyodwa noma enye. Ngo-April 2016, isitolo segeyimu yevidiyo i-Steam sase siqalile ukwamukela izinkokhelo ze-Bitcoin. Laba bathengisi bebengasebenzisi inethiwekhi yombani, bebesebenzisa ukuthengiselana nge-on-chain. Uma i-Bitcoin yehla ngombani, isixazululo sokukhokha laba bathengisi ababesikhethile sasingeke sithembeke ngenxa yezindleko eziphezulu kanye nezikhathi zokuqinisekisa ezinde. Lokhu kungaba inhlekelele kunethiwekhi futhi abathengisi cishe bazoyeka ukwamukela i-Bitcoin futhi bangaphinde babuye ngenxa yesipiliyoni esibi. Nakuba inethiwekhi yombani yayinezakhiwo eziphakeme kakhulu, lokhu akunandaba. Ekugcineni, abaningi balaba bathengisi baye bayeka ukwamukela i-Bitcoin futhi abavimbeli abakhulu bafakazelwa ukuthi balungile. Inkulumo ethi "ungavumeli ophelele abe yisitha sokuhle" ifika engqondweni. Ukungakhulisi usayizi webhulokhi ngokusobala kwakuyisinqumo esibi sebhizinisi. Ukulahlekelwa yilaba bathengisi kwaba ukukhungatheka okukhulu kubavimbi abakhulu.
Kodwa-ke, kubavimbeli abancane, i-Bitcoin yayingelona ibhizinisi, noma uhlelo lokukhokha oluthatha i-VISA, i-Paypal ne-Mastercard. Kwakuwuhlobo olusha lwemali, into ebaluleke kakhulu futhi engase ibe noguquko olukhulu emphakathini nasemnothweni. Yayithatha amabhange amakhulu. Ngokuvamile, abavimbeli abancane babengenalutho ngokumelene neBitcoin ekubeni uhlelo lokukhokha olusheshayo nolushibhile; kuvele kwesibili ngemuva kokubalulekile kwabo okukhulu, okwakuwuhlobo olusha lwemali oluqinile.
Lokhu bekungewona nje umehluko wemibono: kubavimbeli abancane, ukubeka kwabo phambili kwakuwumnyakazo wamasu ahlakaniphile, kuyilapho okubaluleke kakhulu kubavimbeli kwakungenangqondo. Izinkokhelo ze-Bitcoin bezishesha futhi zishibhile uma ziqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo zokukhokha ezibekwe endaweni eyodwa njengamakhadi esikweletu nezintambo zasebhange. Kodwa-ke, uma i-Bitcoin izuza amandla, lezi zinsizakalo zokukhokha zingamane zehlise izinkokhelo futhi zisheshise izikhathi zokuthengiselana. Ngempela, kusukela ekubukeni kwezakhiwo ze-IT, akukho lutho oluvimba lokhu; amanethiwekhi okukhokha aphakathi nendawo asebenza kahle kakhulu. Izinhlelo ze-IT ezibekwe endaweni eyodwa ziyakwazi kakhulu ukucubungula ukuthengiselana okuningi, ngokushesha nangezindleko eziphansi, kune-Bitcoin nanoma yiluphi uhlelo oluhlukaniselwe izwe. Isizathu sokuthi lezi zinhlelo zokukhokha ezibekwe endaweni eyodwa zingakwenzanga lokhu ukuntuleka kokuncintisana kanye nezindaba ezithile zomthetho ezihlobene nokuphatha, ezinganqotshwa. Akubanga ngenxa yephutha elithile eliyisisekelo kubuchwepheshe bedatha emaphakathi. Uma i-Bitcoin igxile ekubeni inethiwekhi yokukhokha engabizi kakhulu, wonke umuntu ayibona njengento enhle, ngakho-ke iqinisekile ukuthi ingathola isabelo semakethe ngesikhathi esifushane; nokho, inzuzo yayo izobonakala ingenakusimama ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ngokuphambene, ukuba uhlobo olusha lwemali, olukwazi ukwenza imisebenzi ye-elekthronikhi engavimbeki, kwakuyinto isikhungo sezezimali esingokwesiko esingeke sikwazi ukuncintisana nayo. Ngakho-ke lokhu kungaba umshayeli wevelu esimeme yesikhathi eside. Futhi, konke lokhu kubonakale kwehla ekungavumelani okufanayo mayelana nezintandokazi zesikhathi.
Kubavimbeli abancane, lolu daba bekungelona ukuzikhethela phakathi kwenethiwekhi yokukhokha kanye nesistimu yezimali eqinile, nabavimbeli abakhulu bekhetha abavimbeli bangaphambili nabancane bancamela okwakamuva. Kwakuwukuthi umbono wenethiwekhi yezinkokhelo ezisheshayo nezishibhile ubungeke ubangele imodeli enenzuzo esimeme yokuncintisana. Ubuchwepheshe be-Blockchain bamane bungenazo izici ezenze ukuba zifanele lokhu, azizange zilinganise. Okuwukuphela kwendlela yokuba nakho kokubili ngempumelelo, baphikisana ngokuthi, kwakuyisisombululo-ezimbili njengombani.
Njengoba inethiwekhi yombani iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, lokhu kuholele ekudidekeni, njengoba kunjalo nange-SegWit. Kube nezimangalo ezingamanga zokuthi izinhlamvu zemali ezivalelwe ngaphakathi eziteshini zombani zazingaphansi kwengozi yekhredithi futhi izimangalo zokuthi umbani ungenza ngandlela thize ukwanda kwekhredithi ku-Bitcoin kube yinkinga kakhulu. Izinga eliphezulu lobunkimbinkimbi embanini ngokuqinisekile laliyinkinga, futhi kwakukhona izindaba ezizwakalayo kanye nokukhathazeka. Kube nombuzo wokuthi zingaqinisekisa kanjani ukuthi iziteshi zinemali eyanele ukuze kube lula ukukhokha. Kunezindleko zokwenziwa ngombani, abasebenzisi okudingeka bazikhokhe ukuze bakhuthaze ukuhlinzekwa kwezimali, futhi akucaci ukuthi amandla akhona yini ukuze lokhu kufinyelele ngempumelelo kunethiwekhi yokukhokha eshibhile, enokwethenjelwa. Inethiwekhi yombani futhi ibe nezinye izinkinga ezimbalwa uma kuqhathaniswa nezinkokhelo ze-Bitcoin ze-on-chain, isibonelo ibidinga ukuthi umamukeli wokwenziwe abe ku-inthanethi futhi axhumane nomthumeli, into eyayingadingeki i-Bitcoin ku-chain. Umbani futhi udinga ukuthi abasebenzisi baqaphe futhi baphathe iziteshi zabo, ukuze baqinisekise ukuthi banemali eyanele futhi banqande ukweba eziteshini zabo. Kuma-blocker amancane, lezi kwakuyizinkinga zangempela. Kodwa-ke, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi lezi zindaba zizogcina zifihlekile kumsebenzisi futhi izinsizakalo zezinkampani zangaphandle noma izikhwama ezihlakaniphile zizohlinzeka ngesixazululo kusetshenziswa izindlela ezizenzakalelayo. Futhi, kumayelana nesikhathi; lezi zinhlelo zingathatha iminyaka eminingi ukuthi zithuthuke futhi zivuthwe.
Abavimbeli abakhulu bangase bathi, ngokusemthethweni okuthile, abavimbeli abancane babengamakhompiyutha ahlakaniphe kakhulu acheme ezixazululweni eziyinkimbinkimbi, ezinhle kakhulu, kodwa ezingasebenzi. Abavimbeli abancane kuthiwa abanalo ulwazi lwebhizinisi futhi ababoni ukuthi kudingeka isixazululo esilula kulezi zinkinga. Uma kukhulunywa ngombani, lena ngenye yezindawo lapho, kuze kube manje, abavimbeli abakhulu aboniswe ukuthi alungile kakhulu. Ngesikhathi sokubhala, nakuba inethiwekhi yombani ithola amandla futhi ubuchwepheshe buthuthuka ngokushesha, ukwamukelwa komthengisi kwenethiwekhi yombani kunqunyelwe. Ukwamukelwa komthengisi kwe-Bitcoin ekupheleni kuka-2015 kubonakala sengathi kwakubaluleke kakhulu kunokutholwa kombani namuhla. Nokho, ngisenethemba ngenethiwekhi yombani futhi, uma umuntu ecabanga amashumi eminyaka ngaphambili, impumelelo isengenzeka.