Impi mayelana ne-Blocksize

uMashi Kuya Empini

Ezinsukwini zokuqala ze-Bitcoin, kusukela ngo-2009 kuya ekuqaleni kuka-2011, wonke umphakathi wahlanganisa ucezu olulodwa lwesofthiwe, iklayenti le-Bitcoin. Le softhiwe ibikhona ekuqaleni kwe-Microsoft Windows futhi yayihlanganisa isikhwama semali, i-nodi egcwele kanye nomvukuzi. Bezingekho izinhlelo zokusebenza zeselula, babengekho abathengisi, awengekho amawebhusayithi okugembula, awengekho amamakethe we-darkne, yayingekho imikhiqizo ehwebelana ngokuhwebelana, kwakungekho ukushintshana, babengekho abatshalizimali bezikhungo; uhlelo lokusebenza olulodwa kuphela lwakudala noluyisisekelo. Okwakungenziwa umuntu kwakuwukuba yimi imali ethile, ngiyithumele futhi iwamukele. Ngaleso sikhathi, i-Bitcoin yayingenamsebenzi, futhi phezu kwesistimu yayingabonakali inenani elikhulu noma amandla. Ukuze umuntu abe nesithakazelo esikhaleni, kwakudingeka abe nomcabango. Umuntu kwakufanele abone izinyathelo eziningi ezingaphambili futhi acabange ukuthi uhlelo luzothuthuka futhi lushintshe kanjani ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ukwakha ungqimba phezu kongqimba lokuqagela mayelana nokuthi i-Bitcoin izovela kanjani. Okuningi kwalokhu kucatshangelwa kwakungakaze kuhlolwe noma kuxoxwe ngakho ngokuphelele; bavele bathathwa njena futhi bemukelwa. Ngo-2015, i-Bitcoin yayineminyaka emihlanu noma eyisithupha ikhona, futhi kulabo abazinikele esikhaleni, lesi kwakuyisikhathi eside ukubamba umcabango. Abaningi emphakathini empeleni babenemibono ehlukene, ephikisanayo mayelana nendlela i-Bitcoin esebenza ngayo, futhi izinga lalokhu kungaboni ngaso linye lalingakaze lembulwe. Manje, lokhu kungaboni ngaso linye kwakubonakala kugqama futhi, njengoba iBitcoin isho lukhulu kulaba bantu, imiphumela ingase ibe mibi futhi ingabikezeleki.

Intengo ye-Bitcoin nayo yaziswa kakhulu, kusukela kumasenti ambalwa ngo-2010 kuya cishe ku-US$220 uhlamvu lwemali ehlobo lika-2015. Ngakho-ke abaningi ababambene kulo mbango bazuze kakhulu kumbono wezezimali ngokutshala imali ku-Bitcoin kusenesikhathi. Umphumela ongemuhle walokhu ukuthi abanye emphakathini baqala ukuzethemba ngokweqile, baze bazikhukhumeze. Ngokwesibonelo, ake sithi othile wayenqume ukutshala imali ekuqaleni kuka-2011, lapho intengo yeBitcoin yayingaphansi kwe-US$1. Kungenzeka ukuthi basekele lokhu kutshalwa kwezimali ekuqageleni okuthile nasembonweni othile. Babengaqhubeka nokubamba izinhlamvu zemali ngo-2015, bebona ukutshalwa kwezimali kwabo kukhuphuka izikhathi ezingaphezu kuka-200. Lokhu kungenzeka kube nomthelela ekusebenzeni kwengqondo yomuntu: ngokuqinisekile ukuqagela okwenziwe ngo-2011 kwakuyiqiniso? Phela, baholela ekuzuzeni okukhulu kangaka. Lo mtshali-zimali manje usengase azicabange ukuthi unokuqonda okuqinile kwe-Bitcoin futhi azi ukuthi yini engcono kakhulu ukuya phambili, ekholelwa ukuthi babeyiqonda ngokucacile i-Bitcoin ngo-2011 ngoba bathole izinzuzo eziqinile. Ngeshwa, mhlawumbe abantu abazange bajabulele ukuthi abanye abanemibono ehluke kakhulu futhi ephikisanayo batshale imali ku-Bitcoin ekuqaleni kuka-2011, ngaleyo ndlela bengawunaki lomqondo ongalungile futhi ochemile. Ngokuvamile, kubonakala sengathi abantu bavele bacabange ukuthi abanye abatshalizimali bokuqala bonke bavumelana nabo nokuthi labo abakolunye uhlangothi lwabo empini yesayizi yebhulokhi babeyintsha. Lokhu kuhamba indlela ende ekuchazeni ukuthi impi yesayizi yebhulokhi ibonakala kanjani ikhula futhi iba nonya, ngokushesha okukhulu.

Kuyafaneleka ukungena kancane emlandweni we-Bitcoin wokuqala kuleli phuzu. Lapho i-Bitcoin ikhishwa, kwakungekho mkhawulo we-sayizi yebhulokhi, nakuba kungenzeka ukuthi amabhulokhi amakhulu, mhlawumbe angaphezu kuka-32 MB, ngabe aphule uhlelo. Umkhawulo wethulwa okokuqala ngu-Satoshi ehlobo lika-2010. NgoJulayi 15, 2010, uSatoshi wengeza umugqa olandelayo wekhodi endaweni yesofthiwe:

static const unsigned int MAX_BLOCK_SIZE = 1000000;^[1]

Isofthiwe equkethe lokhu kuthuthukiswa yabe ikhishwa ngoJulayi 19, 2010. Umkhawulo omusha ongu-1 MB awuzange uqale ukusebenza kwaze kwaba uSepthemba 7, 2010, ekuphakameni kwebhulokhi engu-79,400 (amabhulokhi angu-79,400 kusukela kwasungulwa i-Bitcoin). Lolu hlobo lokuthuthukisa lwalubizwa ngokuthi i-softfork, okungukuthi umthetho omusha oqinisa imikhawulo ekugunyazweni kwebhulokhi. Kuyi-softfork ngoba ukwengeza noma ukwehlisa umkhawulo kuqinisa imithetho. Ukwenyusa umkhawulo bekungayiphumuza imithetho ngakho-ke kwaziwa ngokuthi i-hardfork. Wonke umuntu udinga ukuthuthukela kusofthiwe entsha ukuze alandele uchungechunge olusha uma kwenzeka kuba ne-hardfork. Nokho, leli gama le-softfork/hardfork lalingaziwa ngaleso sikhathi, futhi lalisetshenziswa kuphela kusukela ngo-April 2012.^[2] Le softfork yomkhawulo we-sayizi yebhulokhi kwakuwumthetho wokuqala omusha we-Bitcoin owawunohlobo oluthile lwendlela yokwenza kusebenze, kulokhu ifulegi. Usuku, lapho imithetho emisha yaqala ukusebenza endaweni ethile yokuphakama kwebhlokhi. U-Satoshi akakaze anikeze isizathu esicacile somkhawulo we-sayizi yebhulokhi ngaleso sikhathi. Abavimbeli abaningi abakhulu baphikisa ngokuthi isilinganiso sasingokwesikhashana, nakuba kungekho manothi avela ngesikhathi engawathola abonisa lokhu.

Isenzakalo esilandelayo esibalulekile sesithakazelo, kanye nento eshiwo kabanzi ngabavimbeli abakhulu, kwenzeka ngo-Okthoba 4, 2010. Ngisho nenyanga eyodwa ngemva kokuba umkhawulo we-sayizi yebhulokhi usebenze, omunye wabathuthukisi be-Bitcoin, uJeff Garzik, uhlongoze ukuyisusa futhi andise umkhawulo. .^[3] Uthumele isichibiyelo sesofthiwe esusa umthetho ongu-1 MB futhi waphikisa ngokuthi lokhu kuzoqinisekisa ukuthi i-Bitcoin ingakala ukuze ifane nezinga lomsebenzi we-Paypal. Nakuba uJeff ayazi ukuthi udaba olunjalo alusebenzi kulezi zinsuku zakuqala, wakubheka njengokubalulekile ngokombono wokumaketha nokulandisa. Ngemva kwemizuzu engu-15 nje, u-Theymos waphendula, ethi: “Ukusebenzisa lesi siqeshana kuzokwenza ungahambisani namanye amaklayenti e-Bitcoin.” USatoshi wabe esengena engxoxweni:

+1 theymos. Ungasisebenzisi lesi siqeshana, sizokwenza ukuthi ungahambisani nenethiwekhi, kube yingozi yakho. Singakwazi ukungenela ushintsho ngokuhamba kwesikhathi uma sisondela ekuludingeni.

Ngosuku olulandelayo, uSatoshi waphawula ngokwengeziwe, kulokho manje okungesinye sezitatimende ezicashunwe kabanzi ezivela kubavimbeli abakhulu:

Ingafakwa phakathi, njengokuthi:if (blocknumber > 115000)maxblocksize = largerlimit Ingaqala ukuba sezinguqulo kusenesikhathi, ngakho-ke ngesikhathi ifinyelela kuleyo nombolo yebhulokhi futhi iqala ukusebenza, izinguqulo ezindala ezingenayo sezivele ziphelelwe yisikhathi._ Uma ngiseduze nenombolo yebhulokhi elinqamukile, ngingafaka isixwayiso ezinguqulweni ezindala ukuze ngiqinisekise ukuthi bayazi ukuthi kufanele bathuthuke._

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi, ngaleso sikhathi, ukuphakama kwe-bhulokhi kwakuyi-83,500; ngakho-ke, ukuphakama kwe-bhulokhi 115,000 kwakuyi-31,500 esikhathini esizayo, cishe ezinyangeni eziyisikhombisa kamuva. Kubavimbeli abakhulu, inhloso kaSatoshi lapha icacile. U-Satoshi wethula umkhawulo kuphela njengesilinganiso sesikhashana futhi wayesevele enikeza imiyalelo yokuthi angawandisa kanjani, ngohlelo olucacile olukhona.

Kodwa-ke, ngokuvamile, abavimbeli abakhulu abazange bahlale bebuka isithombe sonke noma umongo. Umuntu angakwazi ukuhumusha inkhulumomphendvulwano njengo-Satoshi ophikisana nesichibi ukuze akhulise umkhawulo we-blocksize ngokushesha, njengoba kungenza umuntu angahambisani nenethiwekhi. USatoshi ube esethatha isimo sokuqapha futhi aqhubeke nokuchaza ukuthi umuntu angawukhulisa kanjani umkhawulo uma efuna, ngezinye izindlela zokuphepha ukuze aqinisekise ukuthuthukiswa okushelelayo. Lokhu kulandisa kuzwakala kufana kakhulu nalokho ababekusho abavimbeli abancane.

Isicaphuna esilandelayo esivela ku-Satoshi esishiwo kabanzi ngamabhulokhi amakhulu sisuka ngisho nangaphambili, ngoNovemba 2008, ngaphambi kokuba i-Bitcoin iqale, lapho ekhuluma khona ngenethiwekhi ekugcineni ikwazi ukuphatha ukuthengiselana okuningi njenge-Visa, izigidi ezingu-100 ngosuku. Lesi sisho sibaluleke kakhulu kubavimbeli abakhulu futhi siqondana ngokucacile nemibono yabo eminingi yeBitcoin:

Kudala ngaphambi kokuba inethiwekhi isondele lapho bukhulu kangako, bekungaba okuphephile kubasebenzisi ukuthi basebenzise Ukuqinisekiswa Kwenkokhelo Esenziwe Lula (isigaba 8) ukuze bahlole ukusetshenziswa kwemali okuphindwe kabili, okudinga kuphela ukuba nochungechunge lwezihloko zebhulokhi, noma cishe u-12KB ngosuku. Abantu abazama ukwakha izinhlamvu zemali ezintsha kuphela abangadinga ukusebenzisa amanodi enethiwekhi. Ekuqaleni, abasebenzisi abaningi bazosebenzisa ama-nodi enethiwekhi, kodwa njengoba inethiwekhi ikhula ngaphezu kwephuzu elithile, izoshiywa kakhulu kochwepheshe abanamapulazi eseva wehadiwe ekhethekile. Ipulazi leseva lizodinga kuphela ukuba nendawo eyodwa kunethiwekhi futhi yonke i-LAN ixhume kuleyo nodi eyodwa.I-bandwidth ingase ingavimbeli njengoba ucabanga. Ukuthengiselana okujwayelekile kungaba ngamabhayithi angama-400 (i-ECC ihlangene kahle). Okwenziwayo ngakunye kufanele kusakazwe kabili, ngakho-ke ake sithi 1KB ngomsebenzi ngamunye. I-Visa icubungule imisebenzi engamabhiliyoni angama-37 ngo-FY2008, noma isilinganiso semisebenzi eyizigidi eziyi-100 ngosuku. Ukuthi ukuthengiselana okuningi kungathatha u-100GB womkhawulokudonsa, noma usayizi wama-movie ayi-12 we-DVD noma ama-HD angu-2, noma umkhawulokudonsa ongabiza u-$18 ngezintengo zamanje. Uma inethiwekhi lapho ungathola khona ukuthi ibe nkulu, kungathatha iminyaka embalwa, futhi ngaleso sikhathi, ukuthumela amamuvi angu-2 we-HD nge-inthanethi cishe ngeke kubonakale njengento enkulu._[^5fft 4]

Yiqiniso, abavimbeli abancane banempendulo ngisho nalokhu. Bathi uSatoshi ubebeka la mazwi ngaphansi kokucatshangelwa ukuthi ubuchwepheshe be-Simplified Payment Verification (SPV) bukhona. Kusho ukuthini lokhu ukuthi ama-walethi amancane angathola ubufakazi bokuthi imali ephindwe kabili ebhulokhini elingavumelekile futhi ngenxa yalokho, ezimweni ezijwayelekile, ngeke kudingeke ukuthi kuqinisekiswe konke okwenziwayo. Lobu buchwepheshe abukathuthukiswa futhi kungenzeka bungenzeki. Ngakho-ke, abanye abavimbeli abancane bayaphikisana, izimangalo zikaSatoshi mayelana nokuncintisana ne-Visa ukuze kuphume imali azisasebenzi. Lokhu kungase kubhekwe njengempikiswano ethize ye-pedantic kanye nencazelo ewumngcingo yencazelo ye-SPV.

Impendulo engezansi ku-Satoshi yayiku imeyili yokuqala lapho i-Bitcoin yaqala ukumenyezelwa khona, ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuthi yethulwe. Impendulo yokuqala eya ku-Satoshi lapho ememezela i-Bitcoin yayivela kumuntu okuthiwa u-James A Donald, owayesevele ezwakalisa ukukhathazeka mayelana nomthamo, kungakapheli usuku olulodwa nje lo mbono umenyezelwe:

Ukuze uthole futhi wenqabe umcimbi wokusebenzisa imali kabili ngesikhathi esifanele, umuntu kufanele abe nokuthengiselana okudlule okuningi kwezinhlamvu zemali ekuthengiseni, okuthi, kusetshenziswe ngokungazi, kudinga ukuthi intanga ngayinye ibe nemisebenzi eminingi edlule, noma imisebenzi eminingi edlule eyenzeke kamuva nje. Uma amakhulu ezigidi zabantu enza ukuthengiselana, lokho kuwumkhawulokudonsa omningi - umuntu ngamunye kufanele azi konke, noma ingxenye enkulu yakho.^[4]

Ngokuqondene nezingcaphuno zika-Satoshi ezisetshenziswa uhlangothi oluncane lwe-blocker, mhlawumbe okubhekiselwa kulo kakhulu lapho uSatoshi ebiza iklayenti eliqhudelanayo ngokuthi "usongo kunethiwekhi" futhi washo ukuthi umklamo oyinhloko we-Bitcoin "wabekwa etsheni", engxoxweni naye. Gavin ngoJuni 2010:

Imvelo ye-Bitcoin iwukuthi lapho inguqulo engu-0.1 isikhishiwe, umklamo oyinhloko wamiswa etsheni ukuphila kwayo konke. Ngenxa yalokho, bengifuna ukuyiklama ukuze isekele lonke uhlobo lokwenziwe engingalucabanga. Inkinga yayiwukuthi, into ngayinye yayidinga ikhodi yokusekelwa ekhethekile nezinkambu zedatha ukuthi isetshenzisiwe noma cha, futhi ihlanganisa icala elilodwa elikhethekile ngesikhathi. Bekungaba ukuqhuma kwamacala akhethekile. Isixazululo kwaba iskripthi, esihlanganisa inkinga ukuze amaqembu ashintshanayo akwazi ukuchaza umsebenzi wawo njengesilandiso inethiwekhi ye-nodi ehlolayo. Ama-nodi adinga kuphela ukuqonda okwenziwayo kuze kufike ezingeni lokuhlola ukuthi izimo zomthumeli ziyahlangatshezwa yini.Umbhalo uyisilandiso. Kuyizibalo nje ezihlola iqiniso noma amanga. Isilandiso yigama elide nelingajwayelekile ngakho ngalibiza ngombhalo.Umamukeli wenkokhelo wenza isifanekiso sifana neskripthi. Njengamanje, abamukeli bamukela kuphela izifanekiso ezimbili: ukukhokha okuqondile kanye nekheli le-Bitcoin. Izinguqulo zesikhathi esizayo zingangeza izifanekiso zezinhlobo zokwenziwe ezengeziwe namanodi asebenzisa leyo nguqulo noma ngaphezulu azokwazi ukuzithola. Zonke izinguqulo zamanodi kunethiwekhi zingaqinisekisa futhi zicubungule noma yikuphi ukuthengiselana okusha kube amabhulokhi, nakuba zingazi ukuthi zifundwa kanjani.Idizayini isekela inhlobonhlobo enkulu yezinhlobo zokuthengiselana engaziklama eminyakeni edlule. Ukuthengiselana kwe-Escrow, izinkontileka ezibolekiwe, ukulamula kwezinkampani zangaphandle, isiginesha yezinkampani eziningi, njll. Uma i-Bitcoin ibamba ngendlela enkulu, lezi izinto esizofuna ukuzihlola esikhathini esizayo, kodwa zonke bekufanele ziklanywe ekuqaleni ukuze qiniseka ukuthi zizokwenzeka kamuva. Angikholwa ukuthi ukuqaliswa kweBitcoin okwesibili, okuhambisanayo kuyoke kube umqondo omuhle. Umklamo omningi uncike kuwo wonke ama-nodi athola imiphumela efanayo ncamashi ku-lockstep kangangokuthi ukuqaliswa kwesibili kungaba yingozi kunethiwekhi. Ilayisense ye-MIT ihambisana nawo wonke amanye amalayisense nokusetshenziswa kwezentengiso, ngakho-ke asikho isidingo sokuphinda uyibhale ngokombono welayisensi._^[5]

USatoshi wenza ukuphawula okuningi phakathi neminyaka emibili yokuqala yokubandakanyeka kwakhe esikhaleni, eziningi zazo ezingashiwo ukuthi zisekela noma yiliphi uhlangothi kule mpi. Ngokuvamile, kungashiwo ukuthi izingcaphuno zibonisa ukuthi uSatoshi ubonakala esekela ngokubanzi abavimbeli abakhulu ngokuphathelene nodaba oluncane lomkhawulo wesayizi ye-bhulokhi kanye nokuthengiselana, kodwa uSatoshi wayebonakala esekela isikhundla esincane se-bhulokhi mayelana nombono wabo. ukuguquguquka kwemithetho ye-Bitcoin. Kuleli qophelo, impikiswano ibonakala icishe ibe yezenkolo, izinhlangothi zombili zihlola zonke izingcaphuno zikaSatoshi zifuna ukuphawula noma izincazelo ezisekela injongo yazo.

Lokho uSatoshi ayekucabanga, noma kunjalo, akufanele kubhekwe njengokubaluleke kakhulu. Abavimbeli abaningi abancane baveze umbono wokuthi uSatoshi wayengasabalulekile. Okungenani, imibono yakhe eminyakeni emihlanu edlule akufanele ibe nendaba, ngoba kuningi okushintshile kusukela ngaleso sikhathi. Manje cishe sazi okuningi nge-Bitcoin kune-Satoshi emuva ngaleso sikhathi, ngenxa yesipiliyoni sokubona inethiwekhi isebenza. I-Bitcoin ayiyona inkolo futhi uSatoshi akayena umprofethi, abavimbeli abancane bavame ukuphikisana. Izinqumo kufanele zenziwe ngokusekelwe ekuphumeleleni kwesayensi kuphela; lokho akusho uSatoshi akwenzi mehluko, bathi. Kodwa-ke, i-Bitcoin inezici ezithile ezifana nenkolo futhi lokhu kubonakala sengathi bangaki abantu abazizwa. Phela izinkolo ziphumelela kakhulu; mhlawumbe lezi zici zibe nomthelela ngandlela-thile empumelelweni yeBitcoin.

Empeleni u-Satoshi wabonakala ebambe iqhaza engxoxweni ngo-2015. Ngosuku okwashicilelwa ngalo i-Bitcoin XT, i-imeyili yathunyelwa kwelinye lamakheli e-imeyili ka-Satoshi (Satoshi@vistomail.com), ichaza uhlangothi oluncane lwe-blocker yengxabano, okuhlanganisa nesimangalo sokuthi ushintshe umqondo wakhe mayelana nokukala:

Bengilandela izimpikiswano zakamuva zosayizi webhulokhi ngohlu lwamakheli. Benginethemba lokuthi inkulumo-mpikiswano izoxazulula nokuthi isiphakamiso sefoloko sizofinyelela ukuvumelana okusabalele. Kodwa-ke ngokukhishwa okusemthethweni kwe-Bitcoin XT 0.11A, lokhu kubukeka kungenakwenzeka, ngakho-ke ngiphoqelekile ukwabelana ngezinto ezingikhathazayo ngale mfoloko eyingozi kakhulu.Abathuthukisi balo mzenzisi-Bitcoin bathi balandela umbono wami wangempela, kodwa akukho okungase kuqhubeke eqinisweni. Ngenkathi ngiklama i-Bitcoin, ngayiklama ngendlela yokuthi ngenze izinguquko ezizayo emithethweni yokuvumelana kube nzima ngaphandle kwesivumelwano esivumelana ngazwi linye. I-Bitcoin yakhelwe ukuthi ivikelwe ethonyeni labaholi abanothando, noma ngabe igama labo kunguGavin Andresen, uBarack Obama, noma uSatoshi Nakamoto. Cishe wonke umuntu kufanele avumelane ngoshintsho, futhi kufanele balwenze ngaphandle kokuphoqelelwa noma ukucindezelwa kulo. Ngokwenza imfoloko ngale ndlela, laba bathuthukisi baphula “umbono wasekuqaleni” abathi bayawuhlonipha.Basebenzisa imibhalo yami emidala ukwenza izimangalo mayelana nokuthi i-Bitcoin kwakufanele ibe yini. Nokho-ke ngiyavuma ukuthi kuningi okushintshile kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, futhi ulwazi olusha seluzuziwe oluphikisana neminye yemibono yami yokuqala. Isibonelo, angizange ngilindele izimayini ezihlanganisiwe kanye nemiphumela yako ekuvikelekeni kwenethiwekhi. Ukwenza i-Bitcoin ibe uhlelo lwezimali oluncintisanayo kuyilapho iphinde ilondoloze izakhiwo zayo zokuphepha akuyona inkinga encane, futhi kufanele sithathe isikhathi esengeziwe ukuqhamuka nesixazululo esiqinile. Ngisola ukuthi sidinga isisusa esingcono kubasebenzisi ukuthi basebenzise amanodi esikhundleni sokuthembela kuphela ekuzicabangeleni.Uma abathuthukisi ababili bengakwazi ukufohla i-Bitcoin futhi baphumelele ekuchazeni kabusha ukuthi i-“Bitcoin” iyini, naphezu kokugxekwa okubanzi kobuchwepheshe kanye nokusebenzisa amasu athandwayo, khona-ke ngeke ngibe nenye enye indlela ngaphandle kokumemezela i-Bitcoin njengephrojekthi ehlulekile. I-Bitcoin yayihloselwe ukuthi iqine ngokobuchwepheshe nangokwenhlalo. Lesi simo samanje siye sadumaza kakhulu ukubuka okwenzekayo.^[6]

Iningi labavimbeli abakhulu ngokushesha lachitha i-imeyili njengenkohliso. Kodwa-ke, izihloko ze-imeyili zibonakala zikhombisa ukuthi i-imeyili ivele ku-Vistomail. Ngakho-ke lokhu kushiya amathuba amathathu: i. I-akhawunti ye-imeyili kaSatoshi igqekeziwe; ii. Abaphathi be-Vistomail bathumele i-imeyili; noma iii. Le imeyili beyisuka ku-Satoshi ngempela. Okungenzeka kwesibili kubonakala kungenakwenzeka kakhulu, ngakho-ke kungenzeka ukuthi lo mlayezo uyiqiniso noma i-akhawunti igqekeziwe. I-akhawunti ye-imeyili entshontshiwe ingenzeka, njengoba enye i-akhawunti ye-imeyili ka-Satoshi (Satoshi@gmx.com) itshontshiwe lapho othile ekwazi ukusetha kabusha iphasiwedi. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yikuphi, kwakungabalulekile ngempela. Uma umuntu oyedwa, njengo-Satoshi, enomthelela omkhulu ohlelweni kangangokuthi wayekwazi ukuhlenga kule nkinga yedwa, khona-ke i-Bitcoin yehlulekile ukuqhubekela phambili ezinsukwini zokuqala zokuthembela kumuntu ngamunye. I-Bitcoin kwadingeka iqine ngokwayo ukuze imelane nezingcindezi ezinkulu eyayingavezwa kuzo njengohlelo lwemali olunempikiswano noguquko, ngaphandle kokuthembela kumuntu oyedwa, okungenzeka ukuthi amiswe kalula noma angashabalala noma nini. Lokhu kungenzeka ukuthi kungani uSatoshi wanyamalala kwasekuqaleni. Ngingathanda ukusho ukuthi yilapho ukubandakanyeka okufanele kukaSatoshi kuphelile kule ndaba. Kodwa-ke, ngeshwa, uSatoshi, noma izimangalo ezinembile ngoSatoshi, zingena endabeni futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Nakuba, ngo-2010, kwaba nezingxoxo mayelana nalezi zinkinga zokulinganisa, akuzange kube khona ukungaboni ngaso linye okubalulekile; wonke umuntu wayefunda nje. Ngo-April 2011, izinto zabonakala zishintshile kancane futhi ukungaboni ngaso linye okujulile mayelana nokukala, izimali zokuthengiselana kanye ne-Bitcoin yesikhathi eside yezimayini kwabonakala. Wonke umuntu wayesaziphatha kahle futhi enesizotha, kodwa kwabonakala kuvela umehluko omkhulu wemibono. Umsebenzisi we-BitcoinTalk "Vandroiy" ubuze umbuzo: empeleni wabuza ukuthi abavukuzi bazokhuthazwa kanjani lapho uxhaso lwe-bhulokhi luphela futhi luba phansi. Yebo, wonke umuntu wayeyazi impendulo yalokhu, njengoba i-white paper isho ukuthi “isikhuthazo singashintshela ezinkokhelweni zokuthenga”.^[7] Nokho, uVandroiy wayebuza umbuzo oyinselele kakhulu. Njengoba uVandroiy akubeka ngo-April 22, 2011:

Noma yimuphi umvukuzi oyedwa, omncane uhlose ukukhulisa inzuzo. Isinqumo sakhe mayelana nokuthi yikuphi ukuthengiselana okufanele kufakwe asidali ushintsho olukhulu ekuphakameni kwezimali. Ngakho-ke, umvukuzi uzofaka konke ukuthengiselana okukhokha noma iyiphi imali, ngisho nezimali eziphansi kakhulu, ukuze abe nenzuzo enkulu. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi intengo yemisebenzi yehle. Ngokulandelayo, labo bavukuzi asebevele bengakayitholi inzuzo imali yabo iphinde yehliswe bese bayayeka. Lokhu kunciphisa i-hashrate, ukwehla kobunzima, futhi umbuthano uyaphinda. Ngalesi sizathu, ubunzima kungenzeka behle busondele ku-zero.^[8]

Ehlaziya iphuzu likaVandroiy ngokombono wezomnotho, empeleni wayesho ukuthi izindleko eziseceleni zokufaka okwenziwayo zisondele ku-ziro futhi, endaweni enokuncintisana, intengo ilingana nezindleko eziphansi. Imakethe izobe isizosulwa ngamanani aphansi, kwesinye isikhathi okubizwa ngokuthi “inkinga yokufa kwezindleko”. Nokho, lena kwakungeyona imakethe evamile lapho inhloso kuphela kwakuwukufinyelela inani elilinganayo futhi elicacile; abanye babekholelwa ukuthi le makethe inesimo sangaphandle esihle, noma enye inhloso, njengoba i-White paper ikubeka, ukugqugquzela abavukuzi. Ukuthi lokhu bekuyinkinga ngempela kuBitcoin kubonakale kuyimpikiswano enkulu. Ngokufunda lolu chungechunge, kubonakala sengathi cishe ingxenye yabantu icabanga ukuthi lokhu kuyinkinga kanti ingxenye ayizange. Ngisho noMike Hearn ekuqaleni wayebonakala evumelana nenkinga yokufa kwabantu, ethi "kubonakala kunengqondo". Nokho, ngosuku olulandelayo, ngo-April 23, 2011, uMike, ngokufanelekile, wayephinde wasicabangela isikhundla sakhe, futhi akabange esakubheka njengenkinga lokhu:

Inkulumo-oikiswano ye-death spiral ithatha ukuthi ngizofaka konke okwenziwayo kungakhathaliseki ukuthi iphansi kangakanani imali/ukubaluleka kwayo, ngoba akungibizi lutho ukwenza kanjalo futhi kungani ngingayithathi imali yamahhala? Nokho impilo yangempela igcwele izinkampani ezingenza lokhu kodwa zingakwenzi, ngoba ziyaqonda ukuthi kuzothunaza amabhizinisi azo.*^[9]**_

Iningi labantu ababecabanga ukuthi ukushona kwe-fee market kuyinkinga kubonakala sengathi ixazulule isisombululo esihlongozwayo: umkhawulo wesayizi ye bhulokhi kuzovimbela izindleko zehle kakhulu, njengoba abasebenzisi kuzodingeka babhidisane bodwa ukuze bathole isikhala emabhulokhi, abezogcwala. Ngakho-ke lo mkhawulo we-sayizi yebhulokhi ungadala lokho osomnotho abakubiza ngokuthi insalela yomkhiqizi, okungase kukhuthaze abavukuzi uma uxhaso lwebhulokhi seluphelile. Yize lokhu kungaboni ngaso linye kubonakala kuwuhlukanisa phakathi umphakathi, akekho obonakale ekhathazeke kakhulu ngalesi simo. Esikhundleni sokuqhubeka nokuxoxisana, kwabonakala kunengxoxo encane yomphakathi ngalolu daba eminyakeni embalwa ezayo. Abahlanganyeli engxoxweni bonke babonakala becabanga ukuthi i-Bitcoin izothuthuka kakhulu ngendlela abayithandayo. Ngo-2013, uMike wabonakala ebona ukuzungeza kwenkokhelo njengenkinga esemthethweni, kodwa "izinkontileka zesiqiniseko" [^ 5Fftn11] zahlongozwa njengesixazululo esingaba khona, kunokuba kube nomkhawulo wokuvimba.

Ubufakazi bokuqala basesidlangalaleni bomkhankaso osebenzayo kule nkinga ye-sayizi lebhulokhi kwakuyividiyo ekhiqizwe umthuthukisi we-Bitcoin kanye nomvimbeli omncane, uPeter Todd. NgoMeyi 2013, ukhiphe ividiyo ekhiqizwe ngobungcweti ku-YouTube^[10]. Kuvidiyo, waphikisa ngokuthi kwakudingeka ukuthi umkhawulo we-blocksize uhlale umncane, ukuze abasebenzisi baqinisekise konke ukuthengiselana futhi bagcine i-Bitcoin ihlukaniswe. Ividiyo yaze yakhuluma "ngokuziba noma ubani ozama ukushintsha isofthiwe oyisebenzisayo, ukukhulisa usayizi wokuvimba ongu-1 MB". Ividiyo iye yagconwa kakhulu abavimbeli abakhulu, abaze bagcina bethathe iwebhusayithi kaPeter yomkhankaso wokuvimba i-keepbitcoinfree.org, futhi esikhundleni sayo bafaka izinto ezisekela amabhlogo amakhulu.

U-Peter Todd uphinde wacasula abaningi abavimbeli abakhulu, ngenxa yesikhundla sakhe njengomgqugquzeli oyinhloko wento ebizwa ngokuthi "Replace by fee Faka esikhundleni ngenkokhelo (RBF)]. I-RBF ivumela abasebenzisi ukuthi bangene esikhundleni sokuthengiselana nge-Bitcoin (ngaphambi kokuthi kuqinisekiswe ku-blockchain), ngokuthenga okusha ngokusebenzisa okokufaka kokuthenga okufanayo futhi, kuphela ngemali ephezulu. Abavukuzi abamukela le nqubomgomo ye-RBF bangakhetha ukufaka imali ekhokhwayo ephezulu. Ngokuphambene, abavukuzi abangakumukeli lokhu futhi esikhundleni salokho basebenzise uthishanhloko wokuqala obonwa ngokuphephile (i-FSS), kuzobandakanya umsebenzi abawubone kuqala. Ngokuvamile, uMike, uGavin kanye nabavimbeli abakhulu babephikisana ne-RBF, kuyilapho abavimbeli abancane bevame ukuyisekela. Umehluko obalulekile kufanele wenziwe lapha phakathi kwalokhu kanye nempi ye-sayizi ye-bhulokhi: umkhawulo we-sayizi ye-bhulokhi uyingxenye yephrothokholi ye-Bitcoin, kuyilapho i-RBF iyinqubomgomo yabavukuzi kuphela. Ngakho-ke abavukuzi bakhululekile ukwenza abakuthandayo mayelana ne-RBF futhi asikho isidingo sokuvumelana. Umehluko phakathi komthetho wephrothokholi ye-Bitcoin nanoma yisiphi esinye isici sohlelo, njenge-RBF, wawubaluleke kakhulu kubavimbi abancane, kuyilapho abavimbeli abaningi abakhulu abakaze bawubone umehluko noma bavume ukuthi ubalulekile ngezinga elifanayo. Abanye bakuthathe njengokwehlukanisa okungenangqondo okwadalwa ngabavimbi abancane ukuze bathole indlela yabo. Ngaphandle kwalo mehluko, umbango wezomnotho owumongo mayelana ne-RBF wawucishe ufane ncamashi naleyo emayelana nezindleko zokufa zabavukuzi.

Abamelene ne-RBF baveze ukuthi kulimaze ulwazi lomsebenzisi futhi kwenza ukusetshenziswa kwemali okuphindwe kabili kunamathuba amaningi, kuyilapho abameli bethi abavukuzi bakhuthazwa ukuba bakhethe ukukhokha imali ephezulu noma kunjalo, ukuze kwandiswe inzuzo, ngakho-ke kwakungenakugwemeka futhi inqubomgomo yesofthiwe ingase ihambisane naleli qiniso lezomnotho. . Ukuphendula kwabavimbeli abakhulu kulokhu kwakuwukuthi abavukuzi babenendaba nolwazi lomsebenzisi futhi, ngakho-ke kungani bengalimaza ulwazi lomsebenzisi lwesistimu abathembele kuyo?

Kimina kubonakala sengathi impendulo yale nkinga ebonakalayo incike kakhulu ezingeni lokuncintisana embonini yezimayini. Uma imboni yezimayini ibigxile kakhulu phakathi kwabadlali abambalwa abancane, i-FSS ibonakale iyinqubomgomo ethize enengqondo futhi impikiswano yokufa kwenkokhelo ibonakala ingasebenzi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izinqumo ezithathwa yilaba bavukuzi zingaba nomthelela omkhulu ku-mphakathu futhi ngaleyo ndlela kulimaze imali yabo yesikhathi esizayo njengabavukuzi. Uma izinga lokugxila embonini liphansi, khona-ke umthelela izinqumo zabavukuzi ngabanye eziba nawo ku-mphakathi unomkhawulo kakhulu. Abavukuzi bangase bakhethe ukukhulisa inzuzo yabo yesikhashana, kunokuba bakhathalele ulwazi lomsebenzisi lwesikhathi eside, ukuthi isenzo sabo sisodwa ngeke sibe nomthelela omkhulu noma kunjalo. Le nkinga ngezinye izikhathi ibizwa ngokuthi inhlekelele ye-commons. Uma umuntu ekholelwa ukuthi le nhlekelele ye-commons iyasebenza lapha, into ephusile kungase kube ukusebenzisa izinqubomgomo ze-RBF, futhi ingozi yokufa kwenkokhelo ibonakala ingenzeka.

Izingxabano nge-RBF zazibonakala zinamaphuzu afanayo kakhulu odabeni lwe-sayizi yebhulokhi:

Abavimbeli abakhulu babeka phambili isikhathi esifushane, kuyilapho abavimbeli abancane begxile esikhathini eside;
Abavimbeli abakhulu babeka phambili ulwazi lomsebenzisi, kuyilapho abavimbeli abancane bethanda ukwenza uhlelo lukwazi ukuqina;
Abavimbeli abakhulu babeka phambili ukukhula, kuyilapho abavimbeli abancane babekhathazeke kakhulu ngokusimama;
Izivimbeli ezinkulu zazigxile kakhulu ezenzweni zebhizinisi futhi zigxile ebhizinisini, kuyilapho izivimbela ezincane zazingokwesayensi kanye nethiyori, ngokuvamile amakhompuyutha ahlakaniphe kakhulu nabouchwepheshe be-khripthografi.

Kwakungekhona ngempela ukuthi noma yiluphi uhlangothi lwalungavumelani ezingxoxweni zobuchwepheshe; bamane baba nezinto ezithandwayo ezihlukile futhi balinganisa ukubaluleka kwengxenye ngayinye ecatshangelwa ngokuhlukile. Ngeshwa, lokhu kuphumele eziphethweni ezahlukene ezibonakala zingenakwenzeka ukuvumelanisa.

NgoLwesithathu, Ephreli 15, 2015, bekunomcimbi osemthethweni weBitcoin Foundation eLondon, obizwa nge-DevCore. UGavin wayekhona, endize eyokwethula inkulumo yakhe eyisihluthulelo enesihloko esithi “Kungani sidinga iketango elikhulu”. Nami bengikhona kulo mcimbi. UGavin wayengeneka kakhulu futhi ezimisele ukuxoxa ngalolu daba. U-Gavin ugcizelele kimi ukuthi i-1 MB yayincane ngendlela ehlekisayo, nokuthi amakhasi amaningi ewebhu ayemakhulu kunalokho. Emqondweni wakhe, umlando wobuchwepheshe bolwazi wawumayelana nokukhula okunamandla kanye nezinto ezikhula ngokushesha nangokukhudlwana. Umthetho kaMoore ushiwo ngokuphindaphindiwe, usetshenziswe njengesibonelo ukukhombisa ukuthi izinhlelo zithuthuka kanjani ngokuhamba kwesikhathi nokuthi ekugcineni i-Bitcoin izoba namabhulokhi amakhulu kakhulu, kuma-gigabytes, futhi bekungeke kube nezinkinga zokukala kwezobuchwepheshe. UGavin wangitshela buthule ukuthi uthanda ukweqa umkhawulo ongu-20 MB, kodwa ukuthi wayezimisele ukuyekethisa futhi mhlawumbe akuguqule lokhu kube ngu-8 MB, uma abanye bengena. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kamuva, ngo-April 18, 2015, uMike noGavin baba neseshini yakusihlwa ye-Q&A eLondon. Lapho exoxa nge-blocksize, uGavin uthe okulandelayo:

Kungase kudingeke nje ngiphonse isisindo sami bese ngithi, lena yindlela okuzoba ngayo, futhi uma ungakuthandi, thola enye iphrojekthi. Eqinisweni, yilokho okwenzekile ngento ye-P2SH; Ngithe nje, ngilalele wonke umuntu, ngilalele iziphakamiso ezimbalwa futhi yile ndlela okuzoba ngayo**^[11]**

Esho kanje, ngaqala ngaphosa amehlo ekamelweni. Iningi labantu belibonakala lijabule ngokuthi uGavin enalawa mandla. Nokho, kwakusobala ukuthi kwakunedlanzana labantu, mhlawumbe abangamaphesenti amahlanu nje noma ngaphezulu, ababecasulwe yilokhu futhi babheka uGavin njengomuntu ozidlayo lapho ebeka lawo mazwi; babebukeka bengakhululekile. Kubo, uGavin wayengaphethe iBitcoin; uma ekwazi ukuvele aphonse isisindo sakhe azungeze futhi ashintshe umthetho olandelwayo, kwakuyini ngempela iphuzu leBitcoin? Uma ebalula i-P2SH, u-Gavin wayeveza ukuthuthukiswa kwe-Bitcoin softfork okunempikiswano ngo-2012, lapho kwakukhona iziphakamiso eziqhudelanayo futhi uGavin wayekhethe indlela eya phambili.^[12] Ngokuhlala ngemuva kwenkulumo, ngathola umqondo ocacile wokuthi uMike wayengumuntu. ephusha u-Gavin ukuthi ame kancane futhi aqine ku-blocksize, kuyilapho u-Gavin ehlehla kancane. UMike wayebuza nokuthi uGavin angakwazi yini ukukhipha abanye abathuthukisi endaweni yokugcina ye-Bitcoin Core ku-GitHub futhi alawule ngokugcwele indawo yokugcina. Ngokuqhubeka nokuxoxa nabo, kwabonakala kungenzeka ukuthi uGavin ekugcineni ajoyine uMike ekuthatheni isinyathelo esiqinile. Bobabili babecabanga ngokusobala ukuthi, uma uGavin esethathe leso sikhundla, kuzobonakala kucacile. Ukuthi uGavin wayezokwenza kanjani futhi nini lokhu, nokuthi yisiphi isinyathelo esiqondile ayezosithatha, kwakungacacile kimi ngaleso sikhathi.

NgoMeyi 4, 2015, uGavin washicilela ibhulogi enesihloko esithi “Isikhathi sokukhipha amabhlogo amakhulu”^[13]. Lokhu bekungokokuqala ochungechungeni lwama-posti lapho azama khona ukubhekana nokukhathazeka ngamabhulokhi amakhulu. UGavin wayesenqume ngokusobala ukuthi manje kwase kuyisikhathi sokuphusha amabhlogo amakhulu. Ngomhla ziyisi-7 kuNhlaba wezi-2015, umnakekeli oholayo wephrojekthi ye-Bitcoin Core ku-GitHub, u-Wladimir Van Der Laan, wenze la mazwi alandelayo ku-imeyili kuhlu lwamakheli e-Bitcoin:

Ngibuthakathaka ngokumelene nokwenyuka kosayizi webhulokhi esikhathini esizayo esiseduze. Ezinye izimpikiswano ziyalandela. Ngenxa yobufushane, lokhu kuziba izingqinamba ezingokoqobo nezombusazwe ekuhlelweni kwe-hardfork.^[14]

I-Bitcoin Core kwakuyigama lereferensi yokuqaliswa kwe-Bitcoin kanye nenzalo yeklayenti uSatoshi eyadala ekuqaleni. Leli klayenti ekuqaleni lalisanda kubizwa ngokuthi i-Bitcoin noma i-Bitcoin-QT, nokho igama elithi Bitcoin Core lamukelwa ngoFebhuwari 2013 ngemva kwesiphakamiso esivela ku-Mike Hearn^[15], manje esibonakala sixakile. Ngaphambilini uGavin unikeze uWladimir ubunikazi benqolobane yeBitcoin ku-GitHub, ukuze uGavin akwazi ukugxila kakhulu ohlangothini locwaningo lwe-Bitcoin. Kukhona futhi okuhlekisayo lapha, njengoba uGavin ebonakala enikeze amandla ukuze akwazi ukucwaninga izindawo ezifana nemali yokuthengiselana kanye nesikhala se-bhulokhi. Lokhu kwakungase kubonakale kuyindima ebaluleke kakhulu ngaleso sikhathi, uma kuqhathaniswa nomsebenzi wokulungisa ukugaya wokuphatha inqolobane; akubonwanga njengoGavin ededela amandla. Kamuva, abavimbeli abakhulu babheka isinqumo sikaGavin sokunikeza uWladimir njengephutha elibucayi. Kodwa-ke, abavimbeli abancane babephikisana ngokuthi u-Wladimir wayengenawo amandla angempela, nokuthi ukuba nenqolobane kwakuyindima nje yokuqapha. Isinqumo sokugcina sokuhlanganisa ikhodi senziwa kuphela uma bekunesivumelwano esibanzi esivela eqenjini lonjiniyela, ngakho ekugcineni ukulawulwa kwendawo yokugcina akusho lutho. Ngaphezu kwalokhu, futhi ngokubaluleke kakhulu, imithetho ye-Bitcoin ayinqunywa izinguquko endaweni yokugcina isofthiwe; zinqunywa amaklayenti abasebenzisi asebevele bewasebenzisa. Yebo, indawo yokugcina yayingakwazi ukushicilela izinguqulo ezintsha zeklayenti ngezinguquko zephrothokholi, kodwa sasingekho isici sokuthuthukisa okuzenzakalelayo, futhi akekho owaphoqeleka ukuthi athuthukise. Lesi esinye isibonelo somehluko owawubalulekile kubavimbi abancane, kodwa abavimbeli abakhulu abangazange bawubone noma bavumelane nawo. Kubavimbeli abakhulu, kwakunamandla amaningi ezandleni ze-Bitcoin Core, ngakho-ke ngokushesha yaba isitha sabo esikhulu.

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yini imibono yomuntu mayelana namandla omgcini oholayo wephrojekthi yesofthiwe, ukuphawula okuvela ku-Wladimir mayelana nokuphikisa kwakhe "okubuthakathaka" ekukhuphukeni kwe-blocksize esikhathini esizayo esiseduze, kwabonakala kubaluleke kakhulu. Kubonakale sengathi i-hardfork ngeke ihlanganiswe ne-Bitcoin Core, naphezu kokuncenga okukhulu okuvela ku-Gavin, ngakho-ke izinketho zikaGavin zazizwa zilinganiselwe. Ngomhla zingama-29 kuNhlaba wezi-2015, uGavin wanikeza isu eliqine kunawo wonke lalokho ayehlele ukukwenza: ukuthi angase ashintshele ukusekelwa kwakhe ku-Bitcoin XT futhi aphonse isisindo sakhe ngemuva kwenye iphrothokholi ye-Bitcoin engasebenzisani. Naphezu kwe-imeyili engezansi, eyayicacile, angizange ngiyikholelwe ngempela futhi ngiyibheka njengosongo; Ngacabanga ukuthi kwakuwuhlobo oluthile lweqhinga lokuxoxisana.

Uma singeke sifinyelele esivumelwaneni maduzane, ngizocela usizo lokubuyekeza/ukuhambisa iphrojekthi kaMike ye-Bitcoin-Xt eqalisa ukwanda okukhulu manje okukhulayo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ukuze singaze sibhekane nakho konke lokhu kuhlukumeza futhi impikiswano futhi.Ngizobe sengicela usizo lokunxenxa izinsizakalo zomthengisi kanye nokuhwebelana kanye nezinkampani zesikhwama esisingathwa kanye nezinye izinkampani zengqalasizinda ezisetshenziswa yi-bitcoind (futhi noma ubani ovumelana nami ukuthi sidinga amabhulokhi amakhulu maduze nje) ukuze siqhube i-Bitcoin-Xt esikhundleni se-Bitcoin. Okubalulekile, futhi usho ukuthi bayayiqhuba. Sizokwazi ukubona ukutholwa kunethiwekhi ngokuqapha izinguqulo zamaklayenti.Mhlawumbe ngesikhathi kwenzeka lokho kuzoba nokuvumelana amabhlogo amakhulu ayadingeka ngokushesha kunokuba kamuva; uma kunjalo, kuhle! Ukuthunyelwa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi kuzosebenza njengokuhlola kwangaphambi kwesikhathi, futhi yonke isofthiwe esivele isetshenzisiwe izolungela amabhulokhi amakhulu.Kodwa uma kungakabikho ukuvumelana phakathi konjiniyela kodwa umnyakazo othi “amabhulokhi amakhulu manje” uphumelele, ngizocela usizo lokuthola abavukuzi abakhulu ukuthi benze okufanayo, futhi ngisebenzise indlela yokuvota yenguqulo ye-soft-fork block ukuze (ngethemba) ngithole iningi bese kuba iningi elizimisele ukukhiqiza amabhlogo amakhulu. Inhloso yaleyo nqubo ukufakazela kunoma yibaphi abangabazayo ukuthi bangcono baqale ukusekela amabhlogo amakhulu noma bazosala ngemuva, kanye nokubanikeza ithuba lokuthuthuka ngaphambi kokuba lokho kwenzeke.Ngoba uma singakwazi ukufinyelela esivumelwaneni lapha, igunya lokugcina lokunquma ukuvumelana ukuthi iyiphi ikhodi iningi labathengisi nabahwebi nabavukuzi abasebenzayo.^[16]

Ngomhla zingama-21 kuJulayi 2015, u-Pieter Wuille, omunye umthuthukisi we-Bitcoin, owayesebenze noMike Hearn kwa-Google esikhathini esidlule, uhlongoze ukukhushulwa kwe-hardfork blocksize. U-Pieter uthathwe njengosohlangothini “lwebhulokhi elincane” lwengxabano. Kimina, lokhu kubonakale kuyisiphakamiso sokuyekethisa, impendulo ecindezelweni likaGavin. Isiphakamiso sibe nenombolo ye-BIP 103 futhi saziswa u-Wladimir Van Der Laan kanye nonjiniyela obizwa ngokuthi u-Gregory Maxwell ngeziphakamiso zabo^[17], okubonisa ukuseseka kwabo okungenzeka. Isiphakamiso sasiwukuthi i-hardfork isebenze ngoJanuwari 2017, lapho umkhawulo we-blocksize uzokhuphuka ngamaphesenti angu-17.7 ngonyaka kuze kube unyaka ka-2063. Lesi siphakamiso asizange sifake noma iyiphi indlela yokwenza kusebenze. Kubonakale kuhloselwe ukugqugquzela ukuqhubeka kwezingxoxo bese kuthi uma sekufinyelelwe esivumelwaneni, indlela yokwenza kusebenze inganqunywa.

Ngithatha lesi sipho njengesikhathi esibalulekile. Isheduli yokwandisa usayizi we-bhulokhi ubonakale ungashintshile; nokho, ngacabanga ukuthi kwakuyingxenye yezingxoxo. Bengilindele ukuthi u-Gavin asabele kahle esicelweni, mhlawumbe anikeze isipho esiphikisayo, futhi izinhlangothi zingasondelana kancane kancane. Kubonakale sengathi siya kancane kancane sibheke esinqumweni. Ngokumangala kwami, u-Gavin kanye nabavimbeli abakhulu abazange basabele kahle ku-BIP 103 nhlobo. Ukunyuswa okuhlongozwayo bakuthathe njengento encane kangangokuthi bekuyinhlamba kunenqubekela phambili. Ngeshwa, i-BIP 103 ayizange ibonakale isize. Ngokukhuphuka kwaminyaka yonke okungamaphesenti angu-17.7 okuhlongozwayo ku-BIP 103, kubonakala sengathi isidingo sokuthengiselana kwe-Bitcoin sizodlula leli zinga lokukhula. Ngokuphambene, abavimbeli abakhulu babefuna ukuqinisekisa ngokuphambene nalokho; babefuna umkhawulo we-blocksize ukhule ngokushesha kunesidingo. Uma izinhlangothi zombili bezifuna okuphambene, ingabe ukuyekethisa bekungafinyelelwa ngempela?

Kuma-blocker amakhulu, okuhamba phambili bekumayelana nolwazi lomsebenzisi. Ukugwema amabhulokhi agcwele bekubalulekile, ngaphandle kwalokho abasebenzisi bekuzodingeka balinde isikhathi esingalindelekile ukuze imisebenzi yabo iqinisekise. Imuphi umthengisi ongasebenzisa i-Bitcoin njengendlela yokukhokha uma ibingathembeki njengalena? Ukuphoqa abasebenzisi ukuthi babhidelane ngomunye nomunye empini yokubhidela indawo yokuvimba, ngokwencazelo, kungaphika abanye abasebenzisi ikhono lokusebenzisa i-Bitcoin, kubaxoshe baye kwenye into. Lokhu kwathathwa njengesu lebhizinisi elibi. Iluphi uhlobo lwenkundla oluphumelelayo uma luxosha abasebenzisi ngamabomu?

Kuma-bavimbeli abancane, lokhu bekungeyona inkinga enjalo. Kubo, amabhlogo agcwele ngeke abe uhlobo oluthile lwenhlekelele; uma kukhona, zaziwuphawu lwempumelelo. Babonise ukuthi i-Bitcoin isiqala ukuduma, futhi izinga elisha lokulinganisa lokutholwa komsebenzisi lizokwenzeka, elibonisa umkhawulo womkhawulo wokuvimba. Bake bahlekisa ngengxabano enkulu ye-blocker mayelana nezimali ezikhuphuka kakhulu futhi zibangele abasebenzisi ukuthi bahambe, beyifanisa nohlobo oluthile lwendida: "Akusenamuntu oya lapho ... kugcwele kakhulu."

Ngaphezu kwalokhu, abavimbeli abancane babevame ukubheka amabhulokhi agcwele njengakho kokubili adingekayo futhi angenakugwenywa esikhathini eside noma kunjalo. Kwakudingeka ukuvimbela ukufa kwemakethe yemali lapho uxhaso lwebhulokhi luphansi. Bekudingeka futhi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi abavukuzi bazoyisa iketango phambili uma uxhaso seluba phansi. Bekubhekwa njengokubalulekile ukuthi ngaso sonke isikhathi kube nensada yemisebenzi engazange ingene emabhuloki futhi ibihlezi lapho ilindele ukufakwa; ngaleyo ndlela, abavukuzi babehlale benezisusa zokwakha amabhlogo. Uma bekungekho amabhulokhi agcwele futhi kungekho okwenziwayo okungaphezulu, kungani umvukuzi engazihlupha ngisho nokumba imayini uma ingekho imali engenayo? Esikhundleni salokho, abavukuzi bebecisha imishini yabo, bonge izindleko zamandla futhi balinde ukusilela emuva kokuthengiselana ukuze kwakhiwe futhi ngemva kwebhulokhi ngayinye. Lokhu kuzokwehlisa kakhulu ukuphepha kwenethiwekhi. Abavimbeli abakhulu bacabange lokhu kucabanga njengokungafaneleki kakhulu. I-block subsidy izoba khona amashumi eminyaka; kungani ulahlekelwa amakhasimende manje ngento engase ibe yinkinga eminyakeni engu-20 kuya kweyi-100?

Abavimbeli abancane nabo babekholelwa ukuthi amabhlogo agcwele ayengenakugwemeka noma kunjalo. Phela, uma i-sikhala senhulokhi sayskhona, kungani ungayisebenzisi? Noma ubani angagcina noma yini ayithandayo ku-blockchain, isibonelo iqoqo labo lomculo noma imibhalo ebethelwe. Isidingo sesitoreji esishibhile, esiphindaphindwe kakhulu besingenamingcele, baphikisana. Ngakho-ke ukucela ukuthi umkhawulo ukhuphuke ngaphezu kwesidingo esilindelekile kwakuwumbudane. Ngempela, umuntu oyedwa angasigcwalisa kalula sonke isikhala ngokwakhe. Impendulo kuleli phuzu evela kubavimbeli abakhulu iphindele emuva ku-agumenti ye-incentive yezimayini; Abavukuzi bebengeke bakwenze lokhu, bathi, abavukuzi ngeke bavumele leli nani ledatha emabhuloki. Ngaphezu kwalokhu, abavimbeli abakhulu baphikisana ngokuthi amabhlogo ayengakagcwali eminyakeni emihlanu yokuqala ye-Bitcoin, isici abathi saba nomthelela empumelelweni yayo. Kungani umuntu efuna ukwenza isinyathelo esiyingozi sokushintsha lokho manje?

Ngeshwa, umphakathi awuzange usondele esivumelwaneni futhi uGavin waqhubeka necebo lakhe. NgoJulayi 2015, uGavin kuthiwa uzwakele abanye babavukuzi baseShayina kanye namachibi ezimayini ngesiphakamiso sakhe. 20 MB, njengoba ingqalasizinda yokuxhumana yaseShayina ibithathwa njengebuthakathaka kakhulu ukuthi ingasakaza ngokushesha amabhulokhi alo sayizi. Ngakho-ke, isivumelwano kwathiwa kuzofinyelelwa ku-8 MB blocks. UGavin ubezilungiselela ngemuva kokuthatha uhambo lwakhe olukhulu ngo-Agasti, manje osekusele amasonto ambalwa nje.

Esigabeni se-Q&A sewebhusayithi ye-Bitcoin XT, kushiwo okulandelayo:

Izinqumo zenziwa ngesivumelwano phakathi kukaMike noGavin, uMike enza ucingo lokugcina uma kungase kuphakame ingxabano enkulu.^[18]

Kwezinye izingxenye zomphakathi, lokhu kuphinde kwagcizelela umbono wokuthi konke lokhu bekuwukuhlwithwa kwamandla kaMike. Wayengubani uMike owayezo “shaya ucingo lokugcina”? Kwakungekhona ukuthi kukhona okungalungile ngoMike, wayebonakala eyinsizwa enhle; ukuthi nje ukwenza lesi sitatimende ngokusobala akuzwanga njengendlela efanele. Ama-Bitcoiners athanda ukuzizwa elawula, afuna ukuthatha ubunikazi futhi abe nobukhosi bezezimali. Lokhu bekungeyona ingxenye yemiyalezo ye-Bitcoin XT nhlobo, ebonakale igxile kakhulu kuMike mathupha. Kulapho kukhona iphutha lesibili elikhulu elivela ohlangothini olukhulu lomvimbeli: I-Bitcoin XT yayihlotshaniswa kakhulu noMike, kunokuba igqokiswe njengendlela yabasebenzisi basemazingeni aphansi. Ngisho nokugxilisa isofthiwe ezungeze i-Gavin kungenzeka kuthuthukise amathuba okuphumelela.

# Impi mayelana ne-Blocksize

# uMashi Kuya Empini

Impi mayelana ne-Blocksize

uMashi Kuya Empini