Impi mayelana ne-Blocksize

I-ASICBoost

NgoLwesithathu ngo-April 5, 2017, kwaqhunyiswa elinye ibhomu, kulokhu liqhunyiswa abavimbi abancane. Bekungesimo se-imeyili ohlwini lwama-imeyili kanjiniyela we-Bitcoin evela ku-Gregory Maxwell. Ngeke singene kakhulu emininingwaneni lapha, njengoba inobuchwepheshe obuphezulu. Inhloso enkulu ngemuva kwezinsolo zikaGregory ukuthi izizathu ezishiwo zikaBitmain noJihan zokuphikisana neSegWit, empeleni, zingamanga. I-Bitmain kuthiwa ine-ajenda eyimfihlo: inkampani ithole ukuthuthukiswa kwezimayini okuyimfihlo, isinqamuleli sobufakazi bomsebenzi, esasingeke sisebenze uma amabhulokhi equkethe ukuthengiselana kwe-SegWit. Ngakho-ke isizathu sokuphikisana ne-SegWit sasingokwezimali, ukuvikela inzuzo ye-Bitmain, kunezizathu ezishiwo zobunzima noma ukugcina amandla okuthola i-hardfork. Uma kuyiqiniso ukuthi i-Bitmain yayingathembeki kuleli zinga, kungase kuthiwe i-Bitmain yayingabadlali abanonya uma kuziwa ku-protocol ye-Bitcoin.

I-imeyili kaGregory inikezwe ngezansi.

Enyangeni edlule ngangichaza ukuhlaselwa kwe- SHA2 hashcash ye-Bitcoin esetshenziswa yi-ASICBOOST kanye nezinyathelo ezihlukahlukene ezingasetshenziswa ukuyivimba kunethiwekhi uma iba yinkinga. Nakuba iningi lengxoxo ye-ASICBOOST igxile endleleni esobala yokuyisebenzisa, kukhona futhi indlela eyimfihlo yokuyisebenzisa. Njengoba ngichaza enye yezindlela zokuvimbela ukuguquka kwe ASICBOOST ngabona ukuthi amazwi ami ayehle kakhulu futhi echaza ukwakheka kokuzibophezela kwe-SegWit. Ababhali besiphakamiso se-SegWit benze umzamo othize wokungahambisani nanoma yiluphi uhlelo lwezimayini futhi, ikakhulukazi, bashintsha umklamo ngesinye isikhathi ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezicezu zemayini ezinamakheli okukhokha aphoqelelwe. Ukube bekunokwaziswa ngokuxhashazwa kwalokhu kuhlasela bekuzokwenziwa umzamo wokugwema ukungahambisani - ukumane kuhlukanise ukukhathazeka. Kodwa izindlela ezingcono kakhulu zokwenza ukuhlasela okufihlekile azihambisani kakhulu cishe nanoma iyiphi indlela yokwandisa amandla okuhweba e-Bitcoin; ngaphandle okuphawulekayo kwamabhulokhi esandiso (anezinkinga zawo). Ukungahambelani kungahamba ibanga elide ukuchaza okunye ukuziphatha okungachazeki okuvela kwamanye amaqembu ohlelweni lwendalo yezimayini ngakho ngaqala ukufuna ubufakazi obusekelayo. Ubunjiniyela obuhlehlayo be-cezu ethile yezimayini bubonise ngokusobala ukuthi i-ASICBOOST isetshenziswe kuhadiwe. Ngaleso sisekelo, nginikeza okusalungiswa kwe-BIP okulandelayo ukuze kuxoxwe. Lesi siphakamiso asivimbeli ukuhlasela ngokujwayelekile, kodwa sivimbela kuphela izinhlobo zakho ezicashile ezingahambelani nokuthuthukiswa kwephrothokholi yeBitcoin. Ngithemba ukuthi ngisho nalabo bethu abangathanda kakhulu ukuthi i-ASICBOOST ivinjwe ngokuphelele bangahlangana ndawonye ukuze basekele isilinganiso sokuvikela esihlukanisa ukukhathazeka ngokuvimbela ukusetshenziswa kwayo okuyimfihlo okungase kuvimbele ukuthuthukiswa kwephrothokholi.

I-ASICBoost iyindlela yokunciphisa inani lomsebenzi umvukuzi okudingeka awenze lapho enza umzamo we-hashing wobufakazi bomsebenzi we-Bitcoin (PoW). I-SHA256, okuyi-algorithm ye-hashing esetshenziselwa i-Bitcoin's PoW, ihlukanisa unhlokweni webhulokhi ube yizingxenyana ezingama-64-byte ngaphambi kokuba izibalo zenzeke. Isihloko sebhulokhi ye-Bitcoin singamabhayithi angu-80 ngosayizi ngakho-ke sihlukaniswa phakathi kwezingcezu ezimbili - isiqephu esingu-1 nesinqamu esingu-2. I-ASICBoost igcina inani lezinhlamvu lifana phezu kwemizamo eminingi ye-hashing. Ngakho-ke, umvukuzi kudingeka ukuthi enze umsebenzi oyingxenye kuphela walesi sigaxa, ngemizamo eminingi ye-hashing, okuholela ezinzuzweni ezisebenza kahle kakhulu cishe ezingamaphesenti angama-20. Iphepha elichaza lolu hlelo lashicilelwa okokuqala ngoMashi 2016 nguTimo Hanke.

Kunezindlela ezimbili zokufeza lokhu: ngokusobala, ngokucubungula indawo yamabhithi enguqulo kunhlokweni yebhulokhi ye-Bitcoin ku-ngxenye 1 ukuze udale i-enthrophi njengoba i-ngxenye 2 yahlala imile ngemizamo eminingi ye-hashing; noma ngokucashile. I-Covert ASICBoost iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, futhi ihilela ukuxoxa nge-Bitcoin transactions, ukuthola ukushayisana kumabhayithi amane okugcina kumsuka we-Merkle wokuthengiselana. Impande ye-Merkle ihlukaniswa kuzo zombili izingcezu, namabhayithi amane okugcina abe yi-ngxenye 2. Ngakho-ke le ndlela yokufihla iphinde igcine i-ngxenye 2 imile emizameni eminingi ye-hashing. Lokhu kukhohlisa okuyimfihlo kungenzeka ngokucubungula ngokuhleleka kokwenziwe kubhulokhi. Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-SegWit kudinga abavukuzi ukuthi bazibophezele esakhiweni sokuthengiselana kwenye indawo ebhulokhi, okwenza lolu hlobo lokukhohlisa lucishe lungenzeki. Ngakho-ke i-SegWit ivimbela i-ASICBoost eyimfihlo.

Kwakusenokungabaza okukhulu mayelana nesimangalo sikaGregory sokuthi "ubunjiniyela obuhlehlayo be-cezu ethile yezimayini bubonise ngokuphelele ukuthi i-ASICBoost isetshenziswe ku-hardware". Nakuba abavimbeli abaningi abancane bebonakala bezikholelwa lezi zinsolo, akuzange kungicacele ukuthi kunobufakazi obanele bokusekela izinsolo. Mhlawumbe abavimbeli abancane babeqiniseka kakhulu ukuthi i-SegWit ingumqondo omuhle, nokuthi kwakungekho zizathu ezinhle zokuthi i-Bitmain iphikisane nayo, ukuthi babephethe ngokungafanele ukuthi izinhloso ze-Bitmain kufanele zibe nefarious. Lokhu kusola kufanelana kahle kakhulu nalokho kulandisa, kuchaza ukuziphatha kukaBitmain, futhi ngenxa yaleso sizathu abavimbeli abaningi abancane babonakala beyikholelwa. Impela, enye incazelo ngokuziphatha kukaJihan, nayo ebonakala ingenzeka, ukuthi ubengumvimbi omkhulu ngokwedlulele, ovezwe endabeni yohlangothi olukhulu lomvimbeli. Lokhu futhi kwaba yincazelo evumelekile yokuphikisana kwakhe ne-SegWit.

Ezinsukwini ezimbili ngemuva kokubekwa icala, u-Bitmain waveza ukuphika okude nokubi:

I-Bitmain ihlole i-ASICBOOST ku-Testnet kodwa ayikaze isebenzise i-ASICBOOST ku-mainnet njengoba kushiwo esiphakamisweni sikaGregory Maxwell. Sicela ubufakazi obuphelele kunoma ubani othi lokhu kungamanga ngoba izimangalo ezingenasisekelo ezinjalo zinobuthi esikhaleni se-Bitcoin. … I-Bitmain iphethe ilungelo lobunikazi le-ASICBOOST e-China. Singayisebenzisa ngokusemthethweni emapulazini ethu ezimayini e-China ukuze sizuze kuwo futhi sidayisele umphakathi izinkontileka zokumba izimayini zamafu. … Imishini yezimayini ye-Bitcoin iyancipha ngokushesha. I-Bitmain ibilokhu yethula amamodeli asemayini amasha asebenza kahle kakhulu kubo bonke. Njengalokhu isitatimende sokuthi ukuthunyelwa kwe-ASICBOOST, okungase kubangele umehluko we-20% ekusebenzeni kahle kwamandla, uhlobo oluthile lwentuthuko engalungile yemodeli yebhizinisi ye-Bitmain ingamanga. … I-SegWit ayisebenzi ekukhiqizweni ngenxa yokuthi izimo ezenziwe zacaca esivumelwaneni saseHong Kong azikafinyelelwa … Isiphakamiso sakamuva sika-Gregory Maxwell siphakamisa ukushintsha ukushayisana okungu-2^32 kuya ku-2^64 ukungqubuzana ukwenza i-ASICBOOST ibe nzima kakhulu. Umphumela walokhu kungaba ukulahlekelwa kubanikazi belungelo lobunikazi kanye nephrothokholi ye-Bitcoin. Abanikazi belungelo lobunikazi ngeke bathole lutho futhi iphrothokholi ye-Bitcoin izoba nzima kakhulu. … Umphakathi we-Bitcoin wehlelwa yishwa elikhulu lapho uMaxwell ehola (sic) ukuketula umbuso u-Gavin Andresen futhi esusa ukufinyelela kwakhe kwe-Github. Manje sekuyisibopho kithi njengomphakathi ukuthola ukuthi singalithola kanjani iqembu elisha lonjiniyela elingaba matasatasa ngokuhlasela omunye wabatshalizimali abakhulu beBitcoin (Ver), okungenye yokuhwebelana kwayo okukhulu (Coinbase), kanye nemishini yayo emikhulu yezimayini. umhlinzeki (Bitmain).

Into yokuqala okumele uyiqaphele ukuthi, naphezu kokuphika, i-Bitmain ibonakale ivuma ukusebenzisa lokho okwakucashile i-ASICBoost ku-testnet ngakho-ke kungenzeka ukuthi isetshenziswe ku-hadiwe yabo. Ngaphambi kwalokhu kuphika, bengingenaso isiqiniseko ngokunemba kwezinsolo. Okuxakayo ukuthi, engqondweni yami, isimo sokuphika kwandisa kakhulu amathuba okuthi izinsolo zaziyiqiniso. I-Bitmain yaze yaqhubeka nokufuna ukuthi iphethe i-ASICBoost patent e-China futhi ingayisebenzisa ngokusemthethweni uma ifuna, ngaphambi kokuqhubeka nokuvikela ubuchwepheshe njengendlela yokuqinisa izimayini ezisemthethweni. Inqubomgomo yokuxhumana ephumelela kakhulu yayiyoba ukuphika okulula, okucacile, kunokuvikela i-ASICBoost esimweni sokucatshangelwa ukuthi i-Bitmain yayiyisebenzisa. Ngakho-ke ukuphika kwanciphisa isikhundla sikaBitmain futhi kwashiwo abavimbeli abancane njengobufakazi bokuziphatha okubi. Noma ngabe i-Bitmain ibingasebenzisi i-ASICBoost eyimfihlo, bebehlose ukwenza kanjalo ngakho-ke umoya wezinsolo zikaGregory ubonakale unembe ngandlela thize: I-Bitmain yayingathembekile ekuphikisaneni kwayo ne-SegWit. Kungenzeka ukuthi kwakumayelana nemali.

Nokho, incazelo elula futhi ingenzeka. Mhlawumbe i-Bitmain yayingalungile nje ekukhulumeni ngesiNgisi, futhi lokhu kungase kube isizathu sokuthi kungani ukuphika kwakubuthakathaka. Kukhona nesiko lokulwa lokuphikisana ngazo zonke izici kule mpi. Mhlawumbe iphuzu likaBitmain laliwukuthi babengenzi i-covert ASICBoost, kodwa noma ngabe babenjalo, ngakho-ke? Akunakwenzeka ukuthi i-Bitmain ifuna ukwenza leli phuzu, noma ngabe inkampani ibingenzi i-ASICBoost. Ukuphika kwaphinde kwaqhubeka nokubuyisela isikhundla se-Bitmain empini ye-blocksize, ukuthi ngeke baqhube i-SegWit njengoba izimo zesivumelwano saseHong Kong zingakafinyelelwanga. Vele, kumvimbeli amancane, bekungakaze kuhloswe ukuthi kube i-quid pro quo.

Ngokuphawulekayo, uGavin waze waqhubeka nokuvikela i-Bitmain, ngokusekelwe ekucabangeni ukuthi inkampani yayiqhuba i-covert ASICBoost, iphikisana ngokuthi kwakukuthuthukiswa kwezimayini esemthethweni isebenzisa isofthiwe ye-Bitcoin.

Akulungile ukuthi i-Ethereum iguqule imithetho yabo ukuze ihlehlise ukweba, kodwa kulungile ukuthi i-Bitcoin ishintshe imithetho ukuze ivimbele ukusebenza kahle?

Nokho, uGavin wabonakala egeja iphuzu. Indaba yayingekhona ukuthi i-ASICBoost efihliwe yayingekho emthethweni, kodwa ukuthi ukuphikisana kuka-Bitmain ne-SegWit kwakusekelwe ekungathembekeni nokuthi, empini ye-blocksize, elinye lamaqembu ayinhloko laligqugquzelwa izinhloso zokungathembeki. Ukube i-Bitmain iphume ihlanzekile futhi yaphikisa obala i-SegWit ngenxa yalesi sizathu, bekuyoba indaba ehlukile.

Cishe ngesikhathi esifanayo nehlazo le-ASICBoost, abavimbeli abakhulu abambalwa bebelokhu behlongoza amabhlokhi okunwetshwa njengomqondo ohlukile ku-SegWit; indlela yokwandisa umkhawulo we-blocksize nge-softfork. Lesi siphakamiso senziwe ngu-Andrew Lee kubhulogi le-Purse.io, inkampani ehlotshaniswa nekamu elikhulu le-block. Lolu hlelo lwaze lwasekelwa uRoger Ver, futhi i-Bitmain nayo yabonakala isekela lo mbono. Amabhulokhi okunweba ahlongozwa ekuqaleni ngumbhali-kanye we-SegWit u-Johnson Lau ngo-2013, nokho umbono uyehliswa kakhulu njengoba ulwazi lokuthumela izinhlamvu zemali zisuka kubhlokhi yokunwetshwa ziye eketangeni elikhulu zazingenamthungo. Ngokuphambene, ne-SegWit, lapho le nqubo yayiqondile.

Okwakuphawuleka lapha ukuthi abavimbeli abakhulu babonakala bevumelana ngesiphakamiso esinamaphutha amaningi okuthiwa yi-SegWit, ngoba yayiyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi hhayi ukukhushulwa komkhawulo we-blocksize elula. Kodwa-ke, okwakubonakala kubalulekile kubo ukuthi lo mbono awuzange uthuthukiswe yi-Bitcoin Core. Kuleli qophelo, ukuthuthukisa eyabo imibono nokuzizwa bekhululekile ku-Bitcoin Core kubonakala kuyindaba ebaluleke kakhulu kubavimbi abakhulu, hhayi ukukhuphuka komkhawulo we-blocksize.

Amabhulokhi esandiso abe yindlela yokuthola ukwenyuswa komkhawulo we-softfork blocksize nokugcina ikhono lokuqhuba i-ASICBoost eyimfihlo. Kubavimbeli abancane, lesi siphakamiso sasiwubufakazi obengeziwe becala likaBitmain. Abavimbeli abancane baphinde basola i-Bitmain ngokuxhasa ngezimali lesi sici sakamuva se-bhulokhi, futhi ubufakazi becala le-Bitmain phezu kwe-ASICBoost. Njengoba nje abavimbeli abakhulu bengafuni ukwamukela noma yini esetshenziswe yi-Bitcoin Core, abavimbeli abancane babonakala benokuchema okufanayo, futhi iqiniso lokuthi lesi siphakamiso se-bhulokhi sakhuthazwa futhi saxhaswa ngezimali yi-Bitmain, kwaqinisekisa ukuthi bayasiphikisa.

I-patent ye-ASICBoost yayibhekwa njengosongo olukhulu ku-Bitcoin. Kungenzeka ukuthi inhlangano yezimayini eyodwa ingathola ilungelo lobunikazi, ifune amalungelo akhethekile okusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bese ibusa imboni yezimayini ngenxa yenzuzo ubuchwepheshe obungayinikeza. Ukusiza ekudambiseni lokhu kukhathazeka, abakwaBitcoiners abambalwa kuthiwa bathenge ilungelo lobunikazi ngentengo ephezulu futhi, ngoMashi 2018, babeka ilungelo lobunikazi endaweni yokuzivikela echibini lobunikazi, ngendlela yokuthi ilungelo lobunikazi lalingeke lisetshenziswe ngaphandle kokuvikela kwamanye amalungelo obunikazi. . Kusukela cishe ngo-Ephreli 2018, amabhlogo ku-Bitcoin blockchain aqala ukukhombisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-ASICboost esobala. I-Overt ASICBoost ilula kakhulu futhi isebenza kahle kakhulu kunefomethi ye-covert futhi igwema indaba yokungahambisani ne-SegWit. NgoNovemba 2018, i-Bitmain yamukela i-ASICBoost engaphezulu ku-firmware yayo futhi, kusukela namuhla, ngaphezu kwamaphesenti angu-70 wamabhulokhi we-Bitcoin ambiwa kusetshenziswa i-ASICBoost engaphezulu. Mayelana nelungelo lobunikazi, bekungakaze kucace kahle ukuthi ubani othenge ilungelo lobunikazi, futhi umuntu ubengakwazi ukulandelela kalula ubunikazi kusukela kumsunguli kuye kunoma ubani okuthiwa ufake ilungelo lobunikazi esibambiso selungelo lobunikazi esizivikelayo. Ngakho-ke, okwenzeka lapha empeleni kwakunodaka.

Ngisho nanamuhla, angiqiniseki ngempela ukuthi i-Bitmain ibisebenzisa i-ASICBoost eyimfihlo ku-mainnet noma cha. Umbono ngale ndaba uxubile phakathi kochwepheshe. Ngicabanga ukuthi amathuba akhona endaweni ethile cishe ngo-50:50.

Icala le-ASICBoost libonakale linomthelela omncane kakhulu emphakathini omkhulu wabavimbeli. Ngokuvamile, abazange bakuqonde ukumangalelwa futhi bakuchitha njengenkulumo-ze ye-Bitcoin Core namanga. Ukumangalelwa nakho kwaba nomthelela omncane kakhulu ekuncengeni abantu abaningi ukuba bajoyine ikampa yebhulokhi encane, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yobunzima bezinsolo. Kodwa-ke, ngokuqinisekile kube nomthelela obaluleke kakhulu ekwenzeni lukhuni imibono yabaningi babavimbi abancane, manje asebebheka lesi simo njengesiphuthuma kakhulu. Lapha, ingxabano ye-ASICBoost idlale indima ebalulekile futhi enkulu kule ngxabano. Abavimbeli abancane manje babonakala bezimisele ngokuthatha isinyathelo.